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MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
Personal
Essays and Research Papers
During your school
career you have probably written many personal essays that presented your
thoughts, feelings, and opinions and that did not refer to any other source of
information or ideas. Some assignments, however, require us to go beyond our
personal knowledge. We
undertake research
when we wish to explore an idea, probe an issue, solve a problem, or make an
argument in relation to what others have written. We then seek out and use
materials beyond our personal resources.
The outcome of such
an inquiry appears in the research paper. The term research paper describes
a presentation of student research that may be in a printed, an electronic, or
a multimedia format.
Types of Research
The research paper is
generally based on a combination of primary research and secondary research. Primary
research is the study of a subject through firsthand investigation, such as
analyzing a literary or historical text, a film, or a performance; conducting a
surveyor an
interview; or
carrying out a laboratory experiment. Primary sources include statistical data,
historical documents, and works of literature or art. Secondary research is
the examination of studies that other researchers have made of a subject.
Examples of secondary sources are
articles and books
about political issues, historical events, scientific debates, or literary
works.
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